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Julia v1.12 Release Notes

New language features

  • New option --trim creates smaller binaries by removing code that was not proven to be reachable from the entry points. Entry points can be marked using Base.Experimental.entrypoint (#55047).
  • A new keyword argument usings::Bool has been added to names. By using this, we can now find all the names available in module A by names(A; all=true, imported=true, usings=true). (#54609)
  • the @atomic(...) macro family supports now the reference assignment syntax, e.g. @atomic :monotonic v[3] += 4 modifies v[3] atomically with monotonic ordering semantics. (#54707) The supported syntax allows
    • atomic fetch (x = @atomic v[3]),
    • atomic set (@atomic v[3] = 4),
    • atomic modify (@atomic v[3] += 2),
    • atomic set once (@atomiconce v[3] = 2),
    • atomic swap (x = @atomicswap v[3] = 2), and
    • atomic replace (x = @atomicreplace v[3] 2=>5).

Language changes

  • When methods are replaced with exactly equivalent ones, the old method is no longer deleted implicitly simultaneously, although the new method does take priority and become more specific than the old method. Thus if the new method is deleted later, the old method will resume operating. This can be useful to mocking frameworks (such as in SparseArrays, Pluto, and Mocking, among others), as they do not need to explicitly restore the old method. While inference and compilation still must be repeated with this, it also may pave the way for inference to be able to intelligently re-use the old results, once the new method is deleted. (#53415)

  • Macro expansion will no longer eagerly recurse into into Expr(:toplevel) expressions returned from macros. Instead, macro expansion of :toplevel expressions will be delayed until evaluation time. This allows a later expression within a given :toplevel expression to make use of macros defined earlier in the same :toplevel expression. (#53515)

  • Trivial infinite loops (like while true; end) are no longer undefined behavior. Infinite loops that actually do things (e.g. have side effects or sleep) were never and are still not undefined behavior. (#52999)

Compiler/Runtime improvements

  • Generated LLVM IR now uses actual pointer types instead of passing pointers as integers. This affects llvmcall: Inline LLVM IR should be updated to use i8* or ptr instead of i32 or i64, and remove unneeded ptrtoint/inttoptr conversions. For compatibility, IR with integer pointers is still supported, but generates a deprecation warning. (#53687)

  • A new exception FieldError is now introduced to raise/handle getfield exceptions. Previously getfield exception was captured by fallback generic exception ErrorException. Now that FieldError is more specific getfield related exceptions that can occur should use FieldError exception instead. (#54504)

Command-line option changes

  • The -m/--module flag can be passed to run the main function inside a package with a set of arguments. This main function should be declared using @main to indicate that it is an entry point.
  • Enabling or disabling color text in Julia can now be controlled with the NO_COLOR or FORCE_COLOR environment variables. These variables are also honored by Julia's build system (#53742, #56346).
  • --project=@temp starts Julia with a temporary environment.
  • New --trace-compile-timing option to report how long each method reported by --trace-compile took to compile, in ms. (#54662)
  • --trace-compile now prints recompiled methods in yellow or with a trailing comment if color is not supported (#55763)
  • New --trace-dispatch option to report methods that are dynamically dispatched (#55848).

Multi-threading changes

  • New types are defined to handle the pattern of code that must run once per process, called a OncePerProcess{T} type, which allows defining a function that should be run exactly once the first time it is called, and then always return the same result value of type T every subsequent time afterwards. There are also OncePerThread{T} and OncePerTask{T} types for similar usage with threads or tasks. ([#TBD])

Build system changes

  • There are new Makefiles to build Julia and LLVM using the Binary Optimization and Layout Tool (BOLT), see contrib/bolt and contrib/pgo-lto-bolt (#54107).

New library functions

  • logrange(start, stop; length) makes a range of constant ratio, instead of constant step (#39071)
  • The new isfull(c::Channel) function can be used to check if put!(c, some_value) will block. (#53159)
  • waitany(tasks; throw=false) and waitall(tasks; failfast=false, throw=false) which wait multiple tasks at once (#53341).
  • uuid7() creates an RFC 9652 compliant UUID with version 7 (#54834).
  • insertdims(array; dims) allows to insert singleton dimensions into an array which is the inverse operation to dropdims
  • The new Fix type is a generalization of Fix1/Fix2 for fixing a single argument (#54653).

New library features

  • invmod(n, T) where T is a native integer type now computes the modular inverse of n in the modular integer ring that T defines (#52180).
  • invmod(n) is an abbreviation for invmod(n, typeof(n)) for native integer types (#52180).
  • replace(string, pattern...) now supports an optional IO argument to write the output to a stream rather than returning a string (#48625).
  • sizehint!(s, n) now supports an optional shrink argument to disable shrinking (#51929).
  • New function Docs.hasdoc(module, symbol) tells whether a name has a docstring (#52139).
  • New function Docs.undocumented_names(module) returns a module's undocumented public names (#52413).
  • Passing an IOBuffer as a stdout argument for Process spawn now works as expected, synchronized with wait or success, so a Base.BufferStream is no longer required there for correctness to avoid data races (#52461).
  • After a process exits, closewrite will no longer be automatically called on the stream passed to it. Call wait on the process instead to ensure the content is fully written, then call closewrite manually to avoid data-races. Or use the callback form of open to have all that handled automatically.
  • @timed now additionally returns the elapsed compilation and recompilation time (#52889)
  • escape_string takes additional keyword arguments ascii=true (to escape all non-ASCII characters) and fullhex=true (to require full 4/8-digit hex numbers for u/U escapes, e.g. for C compatibility) #55099).
  • filter can now act on a NamedTuple (#50795).
  • tempname can now take a suffix string to allow the file name to include a suffix and include that suffix in the uniquing checking (#53474)
  • RegexMatch objects can now be used to construct NamedTuples and Dicts (#50988)
  • Lockable is now exported (#54595)
  • Base.require_one_based_indexing and Base.has_offset_axes are now public (#56196)
  • New ltruncate, rtruncate and ctruncate functions for truncating strings to text width, accounting for char widths (#55351)
  • isless (and thus cmp, sorting, etc.) is now supported for zero-dimensional AbstractArrays (#55772)

Standard library changes

  • gcdx(0, 0) now returns (0, 0, 0) instead of (0, 1, 0) (#40989).
  • fd returns a RawFD instead of an Int (#55080).

StyledStrings

JuliaSyntaxHighlighting

  • A new standard library for applying syntax highlighting to Julia code, this uses JuliaSyntax and StyledStrings to implement a highlight function that creates an AnnotatedString with syntax highlighting applied.

Package Manager

LinearAlgebra

  • rank can now take a QRPivoted matrix to allow rank estimation via QR factorization (#54283).
  • Added keyword argument alg to eigen, eigen!, eigvals and eigvals! for self-adjoint matrix types (i.e., the type union RealHermSymComplexHerm) that allows one to switch between different eigendecomposition algorithms (#49355).
  • Added a generic version of the (unblocked) pivoted Cholesky decomposition (callable via cholesky[!](A, RowMaximum())) (#54619).
  • The number of default BLAS threads now respects process affinity, instead of using total number of logical threads available on the system (#55574).
  • A new function zeroslike is added that is used to generate the zero elements for matrix-valued banded matrices. Custom array types may specialize this function to return an appropriate result (#55252).
  • The matrix multiplication A * B calls matprod_dest(A, B, T::Type) to generate the destination. This function is now public (#55537).
  • The function haszero(T::Type) is used to check if a type T has a unique zero element defined as zero(T). This is now public (#56223).
  • A new function diagview is added that returns a view into a specific band of an AbstractMatrix (#56175).

Logging

Printf

Profile

  • Profile.take_heap_snapshot takes a new keyword argument, redact_data::Bool, that is true by default. When set, the contents of Julia objects are not emitted in the heap snapshot. This currently only applies to strings. (#55326)
  • Profile.print() now colors Base/Core/Package modules similarly to how they are in stacktraces. Also paths, even if truncated, are now clickable in terminals that support URI links to take you to the specified JULIA_EDITOR for the given file & line number. (#55335)

Random

REPL

  • Using the new usings=true feature of the names() function, REPL completions can now complete names that have been explicitly using-ed. (#54610)
  • REPL completions can now complete input lines like [import|using] Mod: xxx| e.g. complete using Base.Experimental: @op to using Base.Experimental: @opaque. (#54719)
  • the REPL will now warn if it detects a name is being accessed from a module which does not define it (nor has a submodule which defines it), and for which the name is not public in that module. For example, map is defined in Base, and executing LinearAlgebra.map in the REPL will now issue a warning the first time occurs. (#54872)
  • When an object is printed automatically (by being returned in the REPL), its display is now truncated after printing 20 KiB. This does not affect manual calls to show, print, and so forth. (#53959)

SuiteSparse

SparseArrays

Test

Dates

Statistics

Distributed

Unicode

DelimitedFiles

InteractiveUtils

  • New macros @trace_compile and @trace_dispatch for running an expression with --trace-compile=stderr --trace-compile-timing and --trace-dispatch=stderr respectively enabled. (#55915)

Deprecated or removed

External dependencies

  • The terminal info database, terminfo, is now vendored by default, providing a better REPL user experience when terminfo is not available on the system. Julia can be built without vendoring the database using the Makefile option WITH_TERMINFO=0. (#55411)

Tooling Improvements

  • A wall-time profiler is now available for users who need a sampling profiler that captures tasks regardless of their scheduling or running state. This type of profiler enables profiling of I/O-heavy tasks and helps detect areas of heavy contention in the system (#55889).