Sockets

Support for sockets. Provides IPAddr and subtypes, TCPSocket, and UDPSocket.

connect([host], port::Integer) -> TCPSocket

Connect to the host host on port port.

connect(path::AbstractString) -> PipeEndpoint

Connect to the named pipe / UNIX domain socket at path.

listen([addr, ]port::Integer; backlog::Integer=BACKLOG_DEFAULT) -> TCPServer

Listen on port on the address specified by addr. By default this listens on localhost only. To listen on all interfaces pass IPv4(0) or IPv6(0) as appropriate. backlog determines how many connections can be pending (not having called accept) before the server will begin to reject them. The default value of backlog is 511.

listen(path::AbstractString) -> PipeServer

Create and listen on a named pipe / UNIX domain socket.

getaddrinfo(host::AbstractString, IPAddr) -> IPAddr

Gets the first IP address of the host of the specified IPAddr type. Uses the operating system's underlying getaddrinfo implementation, which may do a DNS lookup.

Examples

julia> getaddrinfo("localhost", IPv6)
ip"::1"

julia> getaddrinfo("localhost", IPv4)
ip"127.0.0.1"

getaddrinfo(host::AbstractString) -> IPAddr

Gets the first available IP address of host, which may be either an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Uses the operating system's underlying getaddrinfo implementation, which may do a DNS lookup.

getipaddr() -> IPAddr

Get an IP address of the local machine, preferring IPv4 over IPv6. Throws if no addresses are available.

getipaddr(addr_type::Type{T}) where T<:IPAddr -> T

Get an IP address of the local machine of the specified type. Throws if no addresses of the specified type are available.

This function is a backwards-compatibility wrapper around getipaddrs. New applications should use getipaddrs instead.

Examples

julia> getipaddr()
ip"192.168.1.28"

julia> getipaddr(IPv6)
ip"fe80::9731:35af:e1c5:6e49"

See also getipaddrs.

getipaddrs(addr_type::Type{T}=IPAddr; loopback::Bool=false) where T<:IPAddr -> Vector{T}

Get the IP addresses of the local machine.

Setting the optional addr_type parameter to IPv4 or IPv6 causes only addresses of that type to be returned.

The loopback keyword argument dictates whether loopback addresses (e.g. ip"127.0.0.1", ip"::1") are included.

Examples

julia> getipaddrs()
5-element Array{IPAddr,1}:
 ip"198.51.100.17"
 ip"203.0.113.2"
 ip"2001:db8:8:4:445e:5fff:fe5d:5500"
 ip"2001:db8:8:4:c164:402e:7e3c:3668"
 ip"fe80::445e:5fff:fe5d:5500"

julia> getipaddrs(IPv6)
3-element Array{IPv6,1}:
 ip"2001:db8:8:4:445e:5fff:fe5d:5500"
 ip"2001:db8:8:4:c164:402e:7e3c:3668"
 ip"fe80::445e:5fff:fe5d:5500"

See also islinklocaladdr.

islinklocaladdr(addr::IPAddr)

Tests if an IP address is a link-local address. Link-local addresses are not guaranteed to be unique beyond their network segment, therefore routers do not forward them. Link-local addresses are from the address blocks 169.254.0.0/16 or fe80::/10.

Examples

filter(!islinklocaladdr, getipaddrs())

getalladdrinfo(host::AbstractString) -> Vector{IPAddr}

Gets all of the IP addresses of the host. Uses the operating system's underlying getaddrinfo implementation, which may do a DNS lookup.

Examples

julia> getalladdrinfo("google.com")
2-element Array{IPAddr,1}:
 ip"172.217.6.174"
 ip"2607:f8b0:4000:804::200e"

DNSError

The type of exception thrown when an error occurs in DNS lookup. The host field indicates the host URL string. The code field indicates the error code based on libuv.

getnameinfo(host::IPAddr) -> String

Performs a reverse-lookup for IP address to return a hostname and service using the operating system's underlying getnameinfo implementation.

Examples

julia> getnameinfo(IPv4("8.8.8.8"))
"google-public-dns-a.google.com"

getsockname(sock::Union{TCPServer, TCPSocket}) -> (IPAddr, UInt16)

Get the IP address and port that the given socket is bound to.

getpeername(sock::TCPSocket) -> (IPAddr, UInt16)

Get the IP address and port of the remote endpoint that the given socket is connected to. Valid only for connected TCP sockets.

IPAddr

Abstract supertype for IP addresses. IPv4 and IPv6 are subtypes of this.

IPv4(host::Integer) -> IPv4

Return an IPv4 object from IP address host formatted as an Integer.

Examples

julia> IPv4(3223256218)
ip"192.30.252.154"

IPv4(str::AbstractString) -> IPv4

Parse an IPv4 address string into an IPv4 object.

Examples

julia> IPv4("127.0.0.1")
ip"127.0.0.1"

IPv6(host::Integer) -> IPv6

Return an IPv6 object from IP address host formatted as an Integer.

Examples

julia> IPv6(3223256218)
ip"::c01e:fc9a"

IPv6(str::AbstractString) -> IPv6

Parse an IPv6 address string into an IPv6 object.

Examples

julia> IPv6("::1")
ip"::1"

@ip_str str -> IPAddr

Parse str as an IP address.

Examples

julia> ip"127.0.0.1"
ip"127.0.0.1"

julia> @ip_str "2001:db8:0:0:0:0:2:1"
ip"2001:db8::2:1"

TCPSocket(; delay=true)

Open a TCP socket using libuv. If delay is true, libuv delays creation of the socket's file descriptor till the first bind call. TCPSocket has various fields to denote the state of the socket as well as its send/receive buffers.

UDPSocket()

Open a UDP socket using libuv. UDPSocket has various fields to denote the state of the socket.

accept(server[, client])

Accepts a connection on the given server and returns a connection to the client. An uninitialized client stream may be provided, in which case it will be used instead of creating a new stream.

listenany([host::IPAddr,] port_hint; backlog::Integer=BACKLOG_DEFAULT) -> (UInt16, TCPServer)

Create a TCPServer on any port, using hint as a starting point. Returns a tuple of the actual port that the server was created on and the server itself. The backlog argument defines the maximum length to which the queue of pending connections for sockfd may grow.

bind(socket::Union{TCPServer, UDPSocket, TCPSocket}, host::IPAddr, port::Integer; ipv6only=false, reuseaddr=false, kws...)

Bind socket to the given host:port. Note that 0.0.0.0 will listen on all devices.

• The ipv6only parameter disables dual stack mode. If ipv6only=true, only an IPv6 stack is created.
• If reuseaddr=true, multiple threads or processes can bind to the same address without error if they all set reuseaddr=true, but only the last to bind will receive any traffic.

bind(chnl::Channel, task::Task)

Associate the lifetime of chnl with a task. Channel chnl is automatically closed when the task terminates. Any uncaught exception in the task is propagated to all waiters on chnl.

The chnl object can be explicitly closed independent of task termination. Terminating tasks have no effect on already closed Channel objects.

When a channel is bound to multiple tasks, the first task to terminate will close the channel. When multiple channels are bound to the same task, termination of the task will close all of the bound channels.

Examples

julia> c = Channel(0);

julia> task = @async foreach(i->put!(c, i), 1:4);

julia> bind(c,task);

julia> for i in c
           @show i
       end;
i = 1
i = 2
i = 3
i = 4

julia> isopen(c)
false

julia> c = Channel(0);

julia> task = @async (put!(c, 1); error("foo"));

julia> bind(c, task);

julia> take!(c)
1

julia> put!(c, 1);
ERROR: TaskFailedException
Stacktrace:
[...]
    nested task error: foo
[...]

send(socket::UDPSocket, host::IPAddr, port::Integer, msg)

Send msg over socket to host:port.

recv(socket::UDPSocket)

Read a UDP packet from the specified socket, and return the bytes received. This call blocks.

recvfrom(socket::UDPSocket) -> (host_port, data)

Read a UDP packet from the specified socket, returning a tuple of (host_port, data), where host_port will be an InetAddr{IPv4} or InetAddr{IPv6}, as appropriate.

setopt(sock::UDPSocket; multicast_loop=nothing, multicast_ttl=nothing, enable_broadcast=nothing, ttl=nothing)

Set UDP socket options.

• multicast_loop: loopback for multicast packets (default: true).
• multicast_ttl: TTL for multicast packets (default: nothing).
• enable_broadcast: flag must be set to true if socket will be used for broadcast messages, or else the UDP system will return an access error (default: false).
• ttl: Time-to-live of packets sent on the socket (default: nothing).

nagle(socket::Union{TCPServer, TCPSocket}, enable::Bool)

Nagle's algorithm batches multiple small TCP packets into larger ones. This can improve throughput but worsen latency. Nagle's algorithm is enabled by default. This function sets whether Nagle's algorithm is active on a given TCP server or socket. The opposite option is called TCP_NODELAY in other languages.

quickack(socket::Union{TCPServer, TCPSocket}, enable::Bool)

On Linux systems, the TCP_QUICKACK is disabled or enabled on socket.