************* Punctuation ************* Extended documentation for mathematical symbols & functions is :ref:`here `. ========= ================================================ symbol meaning ========= ================================================ ``@m`` invoke macro ``m``; followed by space-separated expressions ``!`` prefix "not" operator ``a!( )`` at the end of a function name, ``!`` indicates that a function modifies its argument(s) ``#`` begin single line comment ``#=`` begin multi-line comment (these are nestable) ``=#`` end multi-line comment ``$`` bitwise xor operator, string and expression interpolation ``%`` remainder operator ``^`` exponent operator ``&`` bitwise and ``&&`` short-circuiting boolean and ``|`` bitwise or ``||`` short-circuiting boolean or ``*`` multiply, or matrix multiply ``()`` the empty tuple ``~`` bitwise not operator ``\`` backslash operator ``'`` complex transpose operator A\ :sup:`H` ``a[]`` array indexing ``[,]`` vertical concatenation ``[;]`` also vertical concatenation ``[ ]`` with space-separated expressions, horizontal concatenation ``T{ }`` parametric type instantiation ``;`` statement separator ``,`` separate function arguments or tuple components ``?`` 3-argument conditional operator (conditional ? if_true : if_false) ``""`` delimit string literals ``''`` delimit character literals ``` ``` delimit external process (command) specifications ``...`` splice arguments into a function call or declare a varargs function or type ``.`` access named fields in objects or names inside modules, also prefixes elementwise operators ``a:b`` range a, a+1, a+2, ..., b ``a:s:b`` range a, a+s, a+2s, ..., b ``:`` index an entire dimension (1:end) ``::`` type annotation, depending on context ``:( )`` quoted expression ``:a`` symbol a ========= ================================================